Friday, November 08, 2024
O DIA DA FALTA DE VERGONHA
Tuesday, November 05, 2024
O DIA DO ÓDIO
Com noventa e muitos por cento de convicção de acertar, o dia de hoje passará à História do Estados Unidos da América e de todo o mundo livre, aquele onde é livre a expressão pública do pensamento, com particular destaque na História da Europa Democrática, como o DIA DO ÓDIO.
A razão da minha convicção é muito simples: sustenta-se no que afirmou, e continua recorrentemente a reafirmar, Donald Trump.
Wednesday, October 30, 2024
MAIS OU MENOS TUDO NA MESMA?
Não.
Entre dois mundos opostos, poderá o mundo tombar para o lado mais execrável, do ponde vista de quem preza o maior valor social da humanidade: a liberdade de expressão de pensamento, por oposição à tirania de ditadores, digam-se eles de esquerda ou de direita. Porque nenhuma ditadura tem dois lados.
Wednesday, October 16, 2024
O VALOR DOS VALORES MORAIS
Anteontem a Real Academia Sueca de Ciências anunciou a atribuição do Nobel das Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfredo Nobel, mais conhecido como Nobel da Economia, a Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, do Massachusets Intitute of Technology (MIT) e James Robinson, da Universidade de Chicago,
“for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity”
(Transcrevo do Press release, distribuído após a divulgação dos nomes dos laureados, de sínteses dos trabalhos realizados, seguidas de perguntas da audiência presente no acto e respostas de Daron Acemoglu - LIVE: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson win Nobel Prize 2024 for Economic Sciences)
They have helped us understand differences in prosperity between nations
This year’s laureates in the economic sciences – Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson – have demonstrated the importance of societal institutions for a country’s prosperity. Societies with a poor rule of law and institutions that exploit the population do not generate growth or change for the better. The laureates’ research helps us understand why.
When Europeans colonised large parts of the globe, the institutions in those societies changed. This was sometimes dramatic, but did not occur in the same way everywhere. In some places the aim was to exploit the indigenous population and extract resources for the colonisers’ benefit. In others, the colonisers formed inclusive political and economic systems for the long-term benefit of European migrants.
The laureates have shown that one explanation for differences in countries’ prosperity is the societal institutions that were introduced during colonisation. Inclusive institutions were often introduced in countries that were poor when they were colonised, over time resulting in a generally prosperous population. This is an important reason for why former colonies that were once rich are now poor, and vice versa.
Some countries become trapped in a situation with extractive institutions and low economic growth. The introduction of inclusive institutions would create long-term benefits for everyone, but extractive institutions provide short-term gains for the people in power. As long as the political system guarantees they will remain in control, no one will trust their promises of future economic reforms. According to the laureates, this is why no improvement occurs.
However, this inability to make credible promises of positive change can also explain why democratisation sometimes occurs. When there is a threat of revolution, the people in power face a dilemma. They would prefer to remain in power and try to placate the masses by promising economic reforms, but the population are unlikely to believe that they will not return to the old system as soon as the situation settles down. In the end, the only option may be to transfer power and establish democracy.
“Reducing the vast differences in income between countries is one of our time’s greatest challenges. The laureates have demonstrated the importance of societal institutions for achieving this,” says Jakob Svensson, Chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences.
Saturday, May 25, 2024
DEMOCRACIA CONTRA DEMOCRACIA
Há neste país comentadores para todos os desgostos.
Saturday, January 20, 2024
A MELHOR DEFESA É O ATAQUE
Monday, January 15, 2024
AS ERVAS SECAS
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