Sunday, June 22, 2008
GREGOS, TROIANOS E PORTUGUESES
Saturday, June 21, 2008
GREGOS E TROIANOS
'AGUA EM MARTE?
Explanation: Compare these two close-up pictures taken on sol 20 (left) and sol 24 of a trench dug in the Martian surface by NASA's Phoenix Lander. Those sols of the Phoenix Mission (a sol is a Martian day), correspond to June 15 and 18 on planet Earth. Light-colored, dice-sized chunks, visible in the lower left shadow region of the trench in the sol 20 image have vanished by sol 24 -- a strong indication that the chunks were ice uncovered by digging the shallow trench. The vanishing act likely demonstrates the sublimation of ice in the trench, a process similar to evaporation, in which the ice went directly from solid to gas after it was exposed to sunlight and the thin, dry Martian atmosphere.
Friday, June 20, 2008
OBAMA DESTRUNFA
McCain's campaign is also bracing for a huge wave of spending from labor unions and other Democratic-aligned groups.
"I assume he's going to outspend us," Black said of Obama. "We don't have to spend as much as he does to win."
Obama's announcement was not unexpected. Months ago, he began to shift away from an early pledge to "pursue an agreement with the Republican nominee to preserve a publicly financed general election."
After securing the Democratic nomination this month, Obama moved quickly to impose his own stringent fundraising restrictions on the Democratic National Committee, ordering it to stop accepting donations from federal lobbyists and political action committees, and he has discouraged his donors from contributing to liberal independent political organizations, called 527 groups, that are expected to hammer McCain in the fall.
"John McCain's campaign and the Republican National Committee are fueled by contributions from Washington lobbyists and special interest PACs," Obama said in his message to supporters yesterday. "And we've already seen that he's not going to stop the smears and attacks from his allies running so-called 527 groups, who will spend millions and millions of dollars in unlimited donations."
To date, no conservative 527 groups have materialized. But Obama portrayed his call as a preemptive strike.
"From the very beginning of this campaign, I have asked my supporters to avoid that kind of unregulated activity and join us in building a new kind of politics -- and you have," Obama said. ". . . I'm asking you to try to do something that's never been done before."
GUERRA (INTERNA) DO PETRÓLEO
President Joins McCain in Seeking to Lift Long-Standing Ban
Keith Hennessy, director of the White House National Economic Council, said that under the president's plan, individual states would retain veto power. "Florida, like every other state, would be able to make those determinations about what they thought is appropriate," he said.
Richard Charter, a consultant for the Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund, said environmental and business groups have found common cause on the issue because pristine beaches generate so much tourism income.
"Offshore oil drilling results in the routine discharges of highly toxic metals, hydrocarbons and other substances," Charter said, adding that the toxins build up over time in marine life. Since the methods for cleaning oil spills have not advanced since the 1950s, he said, "it is counterintuitive" for a coastal politician to take actions that "could jeopardize your coastal economy."
But administration officials and others asserted that technology for preventing oil spills has improved and that drilling can be done safely. "Offshore leasing will not be popular in coastal states, but it will be very popular with consumers as a whole," said J. Robinson West, a leading energy consultant in Washington. "This is an eminently logical thing to do. Oil exploration is an industrialized process, but environmentally now it is very safe."
A major uncertainty is the economic impact of offshore drilling, which by Bush's estimate could result in an extra 18 billion barrels of oil -- equivalent to the nation's current oil production for the next 10 years, according to the White House. Hennessy said he thinks that oil prices might fall as markets began building in the expectation of a growing supply. "We would expect it to have an effect on the price; it's very difficult to quantify," he said.
But the federal Energy Information Administration estimated that if leasing began in 2012, "access to the Pacific, Atlantic and eastern Gulf regions would not have a significant impact on domestic crude oil and natural gas production or prices before 2030."
Hari Sevugan, a spokesman for Obama, the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee, dismissed the proposal, saying that "just as he did with his gas tax holiday gimmick, it's clear that instead of straight talk or tough talk, John McCain is offering nothing more than the same Washington double talk and old ideas that have failed our families for too long."
McCain spokesman Tucker Bounds said the campaign is confident that the senator's proposal will resonate with Americans anxious about rising fuel costs.
"I think Senator Obama finds himself in a very precarious position, because this is John McCain's action versus Barack Obama's inaction," Bounds said. "This ultimately comes down to John McCain making a decision that we need to pursue policies that lower gas prices for frustrated Americans."
BEST BUY

SOLSTICIO
Solstice Moonrise, Cape Sounion Credit & Copyright: Anthony Ayiomamitis (TWAN)Explanation: Today's solstice marks the northernmost point of the Sun's annual motion through planet Earth's sky and the astronomical beginning of the northern hemisphere's summer. But only two days ago, the Full Moon nearest the solstice rose close to the ecliptic plane opposite the Sun, near its southernmost point for the year. Astronomer Anthony Ayiomamitis recorded this dramatic picture of the solstice Full Moon rising above Cape Sounion, Greece. The twenty-four hundred year old Temple of Poseidon lies in the foreground, also visible to sailors on the Aegean Sea. In this well-planned single exposure, a telescopic lens makes the Moon loom large, but even without optical aid casual skygazers often find the Full Moon looking astonishingly large when seen near the horizon. That powerful visual effect is known as the Moon Illusion.
UM MARCIANO EM CHICAGO





A CULPA DOS ESPECULADORES
The first of those views is based on the observation that recently there has been a significant surge in the prices of derivatives for commodity and energy. Because of this, we might be observing an increase in current commodity and energy prices as a result of the fact that derivative prices might mistakenly drive up expectations. In other words, we could imagine that in presence of irrational behaviors derivative prices might anchor current prices along the wrong path. This order of causation would contradict the economic principle due to which agents do arbitrage across different prices, even in presence of informational asymmetries or irrational behaviors. Based on arbitrage conditions we should always expect derivative and current prices to be intimately linked and driven by expectations about future conditions of demand and supply. If agents correctly expect a future shortage of energy and a raising demand from emerging market economies, future prices will be trending up and current prices will do so as well given that expectations are discounted by the market. If we suspect that the markets are behaving irrationally, due for instance to a lack of information about the future availability of energy and food reserves, we might be tempted to foresee a link between the path of derivative prices and market failures due to asymmetric information. However based on the theory of price discovery we know that in these situations future prices might lead current prices, as the former appear more volatile, nevertheless the two prices would still be intimately related to each other and moving along the same path.
The idea that prices are driven by demand and supply conditions implicitly consider price increases, in face of supply shortage, as beneficial for the markets. In fact price movements are the main indicators to warn the markets to adjust toward the right path. What is this energy and food price increase signaling to market participants? It signals that in the near future the world will experience a dramatic shortage of energy and food reserves and that a technology upgrading is urgently needed to face scarcity. To assess whether fluctuations in prices drive the market toward the right path let’s recall the effects of the oil price crises occurred in the 70s: as a result of that cost push shock firms have been adapting their technology up to the point in which the percentage of oil used per each unit of final products decreased of about 50%. Total production has increased in recent years, also because of the significant growth rates experienced by emerging market economies, implying that total oil usage has increased as well. This suggests that alternative solutions should be taken to face the current situation. The use of alternative energies and technology upgrading to reduce the intake of oil usage are among possible avenues to pursue.
Can the proposal of reducing margin calls for financial intermediaries be beneficial? Clearly not since discouraging the use of derivatives would not help the market to drive down current prices, as the latter are still based on expectations about future market conditions.
Will the raising prices be a short term phenomenon or we envisage some long run trends? Once again this will depend on supply side conditions. As the growth rate of emerging market economies is significantly high and will continue to stay so in the future, demand will continue to increase. Technology upgrading to improve supply conditions is the only way to escape the problem.
Thursday, June 19, 2008
CRASH!, DIZ ELE

Royal Bank Of Scotland Issues Crash Alert
Doomsayers are not uncommon in any market, particularly in times of turmoil or even in times of excessive good fortune. Technical analysts are usually the first to make the call to start building an Ark as soon as one interpretation of the tea leaves sends out warning bells, often only to find that - shucks - it was not the beginning of Wave 5 after all but really just the Fibonacci retracement of Wave C, or some such thing. Flamboyant investors such as George Soros can also get absorbed with their own power, as Soros admitted to doing after calling the end of the world in 1997, and then of course there are the so-called "perma-bears", of which Morgan Stanley's Stephen Roach is the patron, who can call a crash for so long that eventually, statistics suggest, they must be right.
But there is little doubting the world is currently very jittery as stock markets fail to recover from earlier lows, credit markets just seem to keep being bogged in the mire, and now inflation is running rampant at a time when global economic growth is slowing. So it is not without consideration that the Royal Bank of Scotland should suddenly issue a Crash warning, and who better to break the news than the London Daily Telegraph's serial doomsayer, Ambrose Evans-Pritchard.
The RBS has advised its clients to brace for a fully-fledged crash in global stock and credit markets over the next three months as inflation paralyses the major central banks, Evans-Pritchard reports. "A very nasty period is soon to be upon us," suggested the bank's credit strategist Bob Janjuah, ''so be prepared."
The RBS report suggests the US S&P 500 stock index is likely to fall by more than 300 points to 1050 (22%) by September as "all the chickens come home to roost" from the excesses of the global boom, with contagion spreading across Europe and emerging markets. Such a slide, on top of what has already occurred, would represent one of the worst bear markets over the last century.
The most unnerving thing about Janjuah's assertion is that this time last year the analyst made a similar warning call about an impending global credit crisis. He has been feted in the City ever since.
Janjuah expects Wall Street to rally into July as the effects of the US government's fiscal stimulus package continues to provide momentum. While it might have been the case that Americans would put their stimulus hand-outs to good use, such as paying down debt or saving the money, the recent monthly US retail sales figures proved emphatically otherwise. So when the music stops...
The US Fed and the European Central Bank both face what Janjuah refers to as a Hobson's Choice - which is defined as a free choice where only one option is offered. Faced with the prospect of workers losing their jobs and being refused credit as the economies of the US and Europe slow, central bankers cannot respond with "easy money" (rate cuts) because oil and food costs are pushing headline inflation to levels which are unsettling the markets. Inflation is the enemy of any investment, as it erodes profit and capital over time. The higher inflation the faster money is lost without actually doing anything. So the world may just have to set itself for much lower global growth in order to beat the inflation menace, Janjuah suggests.
But if the central banks fail to hike rates in the face of higher inflation, risky assets are no longer worth holding as the required return to simply break even on the investment is increased by the higher level of inflation. The response is to sell stocks and bonds and move into cash. Cash does not conquer inflation, but it's better than losing money when investments are sold down.
"The Fed," says Janjuah, "is in panic mode". It is true that one minute the market is expecting the Fed to cut rates, the next minute to hike them, and now to do nothing.
However the ECB seems determined to raise its cash rate and fight inflation at the expense of the wobbling European economy. Already consumer demand and confidence in Europe are showing signs of crashing.
The good news - if there can be good news - is that the price of oil should finally come down following the big asset sell-off. But not before debt deflation has set in next year.
Thus spake Janjuah - credit market oracle.
http://money.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=582298
Royal Bank of Scotland poised to reveal £4bn lossBy Peter Thal Larsen, Jane Croft and Kate Burgess in LondonPublished: April 18 2008 21:32 Last updated: April 18 2008 21:58Royal Bank of Scotland is set to reveal about £4bn (€5bn) of losses from the credit turmoil next week in a move likely further to anger shareholders already dismayed at plans for a rights issue of at least £10bn.Expected losses at RBS underscore pressure on the world’s largest banks from the continued slide in the credit markets during March. Citigroup on Friday announced a $5.1bn (€3.2bn) loss for the first quarter and nearly $16bn in writedowns.But news of the RBS rights issue and Citigroup’s loss prompted a sharp rally in stock markets in the US and Europe on Friday on hopes that leading banks were closer to dealing with the worst of their problems.RBS’s rights issue is a sign that European banks, which have lagged behind US rivals in raising fresh capital, are getting to grips with the need to strengthen balance sheets.The FTSE 100 index closed up 1.3 per cent, boosted by a rise in bank shares, while the FTSE Eurofirst ended up 2.4 per cent. On Wall Street, the S&P 500 rose more than 2 per cent in early afternoon trading.RBS shares rose almost 5 per cent to 374p, while Citigroup’s shares closed 4.5 per cent higher at $25.11 in New York trading.People familiar with the matter said the board of RBS would meet this weekend to approve the losses and the rights issue, which would be fully underwritten by banks including Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs and UBS.The proposed rights issue has triggered calls from some shareholders for the departure of Sir Fred Goodwin, RBS’s chief executive, who masterminded the bank’s role in leading the €71bn break-up bid for ABN Amro last summer.Both Sir Fred and Sir Tom McKillop, RBS chairman, have in recent weeks insisted that the bank did not need fresh capital.Several large investors in RBS said the surprise announcement raised questions about the role of the whole board. “I should think the board of Royal Bank is severely chastened,” said one. Another said: “The chairman’s credibility has turned to mush.”
Wednesday, June 18, 2008
A HORA DA VERDADE
Fernando Botero.
Monday, June 16, 2008
BUZINÃO
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Foi um buzinão assim, seguido do bloqueio ao atravessamento da ponte entre Lisboa e Almada, que obrigou o governo de então a recuar no aumento da portagem da ponte, aliás muito reduzido e sem comparação razoável com estes aumentos dos combustíveis que estão na ordem do dia. Na altura, o PS, na oposição, apoiou os buzinadores.
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Não tenho a menor ideia do grau de erosão que poderá provocar na imagem do governo actual o buzinão de ontem, de outros que estão anunciados, e demais acções de protesto. Presumo, contudo, que a actual líder do PSD não irá mudar de ideias e propor o contrário daquilo que muito claramente afirmou a propósito da fiscalidade sobre os consumos de combustíveis: não é de alterar.
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Mas sei que, com mais buzinão ou menos buzinão não se alteram as consequências negativas (mas também as positivas, que algumas terá) dos aumentos dos preços do crude. No caso da portagem da ponte, o governo cedeu e o buzinão venceu. No caso do combustíveis o governo não tem grande margem de manobra, se é que tem alguma.
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Resta-lhe entrar, também ele, no buzinão ao lado do movimento que o contesta. Não seria a primeira vez que isto aconteceria em Portugal.
MAIS 0,3% DE PETRÓLEO
POR QUEM OS IRLANDESES VOTAM
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Esta manhã, ouço na rádio, Jerónimo a clamar perante uma assembleia de devotos no Seixal:
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O tratado está morto!
E esta morte é mais uma condenação da política de arbitrariedades contra os trabalhadores portugueses levada a cabo pelo governo de direita de Sócrates-PS.
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E eu que pensava que os irlandeses tinham votado não, sobretudo porque não querem leis do aborto (que Louçã vigorosamente defendeu e Jerónimo com menos vigor apoiou) nem casamentos gay (que Louçã apadrinha e Jerónimo faz vista grossa), coisas de que o tratado não trata. Afinal os irlandeses votaram contra a política de direita no poder em Portugal.
Sunday, June 15, 2008
ACERCA DO FIM DO TRABALHO
No. Los países europeos con mayor productividad son aquellos en los que se trabaja menos horas, tal y como han revelado numerosos informes recientes, entre ellos, uno de la OIT, y el Euroíndice de Adecco y la escuela de negocios IESE. Al trabajar más horas, tiende a disminuir el aprovechamiento que se hace de cada una de ellas. Una mejora en la eficiencia puede llevar a reducir la jornada de trabajo, sin que se produzca una caída en la producción.
Los países europeos con mayor productividad son aquellos en los que se trabaja menos horas
23. ¿Cómo es la relación entre productividad y horas trabajadas en España y en Europa?
Polonia tiene la jornada laboral más prolongada (40,1 horas por semana) y la menor producción por hora (19 dólares internacionales). En segundo lugar se encuentra Portugal, con la segunda jornada más larga (39,1 horas) y el segundo menor aprovechamiento de cada hora trabajada (24,6 dólares).
España, con una de las mayores jornadas, es el tercer país que menos rendimiento obtiene por hora trabajada: de cada una de las 38,3 horas por semana que trabaja de media cada ocupado español se obtiene un valor añadido de 33,7 dólares.
Por otra parte, los tres países con jornadas medias más breves (Holanda, Alemania y Bélgica) se encuentran entre los cuatro en los que la productividad por hora trabajada es mayor. La productividad de Bélgica es un 54% más elevada que la de España y casi el triple que la de Polonia.
24. ¿Cuánto se trabaja en otros países?
Según datos de la OIT , una de cada cinco personas en el mundo trabaja un número excesivo de horas. Perú encabeza la lista, con un 50,9% de empleados trabajando más de 48 horas a la semana. Le siguen Corea del Sur (49,5%), Tailandia (46,7%) y Pakistán (44,4%). En general, se trabaja más horas en los países en vías de desarrollo, debido a la progresiva “terciarización” de sus economías (la expansión del sector de servicios) y al empleo sumergido, así como al hecho de que los bajos salarios hacen necesarias jornadas más largas para llegar a fin de mes.
En los países desarrollados, la proporción es del 25,7% en el Reino Unido, 25,5% en Israel, 20,4% en Australia, 19,2% en Suiza, y 18,1% en EE UU. Los datos son del año pasado.
25. ¿Nos acercamos al modelo estadounidense?
Sí, aunque todavía estamos lejos. En EE UU los empleados trabajan de media 41 horas semanales y sólo tienen dos semanas de vacaciones al año. En 2005 el número total de horas trabajadas en el país norteamericano fue un 15% superior a la media de la UE. A mediados de los 70, los europeos trabajaban más horas que los estadounidenses, pero la tendencia empezó a cambiar en los 80. En EE UU, al igual que en Japón o en Australia, el tiempo límite de trabajo más allá del cual hay que empezar a pagar horas extra no está reglamentado específicamente en la ley.
26. ¿Qué consecuencias negativas puede tener una semana laboral de 60 ó 65 horas para el trabajador?
Aparte de una posible reducción en la productividad, las jornadas laborales excesivas incrementan el riesgo de accidentes laborales y enfermedades, así como el coste que ello ocasiona a los trabajadores, a los empleadores y a la sociedad en general. También puede suponer una menor calidad en el servicio, debido al cansancio del trabajador.
Por otra parte, la posibilidad legal de trabajar más horas incide en una mayor dificultad a la hora de conciliar la vida laboral con la familiar, y aumenta la brecha entre hombres y mujeres: los hombres tienden a trabajar una mayor cantidad de horas que las mujeres, ya que éstas siguen siendo las principales responsables de realizar un trabajo no remunerado en los hogares.
READ MY LIPS
Read My Lips: We Need These Taxes
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/04/AR2008060403270_2.html
By Roger Lowenstein
Let's imagine an alternate universe. The U.S. government is running a large and growing deficit. Not far down the road it faces huge increases in Social Security and Medicare costs. Naturally, the candidates for president want to remedy this by raising revenue. They don't want us to bequeath bigger deficits to our children or stake our future on foreigners' willingness to keep lending us money.
But have you heard this speech? "My fellow Americans, I have a plan to raise taxes so that the budget will be closer to balance and future Americans won't have to worry about their retirement security." Neither have I.
Somebody, though, should be giving it. The U.S. budget deficit will be $400 billion -- or 3 percent of the gross domestic product -- this year, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. And it's growing. A gas-tax "holiday" (as advocated by John McCain) or a middle-class cut in the payroll tax (candy from Barack Obama) are pandering and will only make things worse. How would a conscientious president deal with the deficit and also make the system fairer? Here are five relatively painless ways.
When you and I earn ordinary income, we pay a maximum rate of 35 percent in taxes. The max for private equity fund managers is 15 percent. This includes folks like Stephen Schwarzman, the head of Blackstone, whose net worth has been estimated at $7.8 billion and who (when he's not in St. Tropez or sundry other vacation digs) lives in the former Park Avenue apartment of John D. Rockefeller Jr.
Why do fund managers pay less? To encourage investment, the tax system charges a lower rate -- 15 percent -- on capital gains. No one objects to fund managers paying that rate on the profits they earn on their own capital. But here's the rub: Most of their profits come from investing other people's money. Typically, for every dollar their investors earn, the managers take a 20 percent cut. This is, in effect, a fee -- or ordinary income. Why shouldn't a Schwarzman or a Henry Kravis of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. be assessed the same rate on their fee income as anyone else? And since this wouldn't affect the people putting up the money, it would have no effect on total investment or economic growth. This change would raise only $3 billion a year, but on simple fairness, it's a must.
2. Raise the cap on the payroll tax.
Social Security is financed by a 12.4 percent tax, but it's assessed only on the first $102,000 of income. So people who earn more than that amount pay a lesser share of their total income. Warren Buffett, currently the richest American, has noted that his secretary is taxed at a higher effective rate than he is. Since income disparities are growing (the top 1 percent of earners took home 23 percent of all income in 2006, the highest total since just before the 1929 stock market crash), more and more income is escaping the tax. And Social Security needs the money: Its benefits will eclipse payroll tax revenues by 2017 (after that, the system will have to reclaim money it has lent to the rest of the government; eventually it won't have enough). Raising the cap would help preserve benefits. There are many ways to do this. Obama favors extending the tax on the wealthy -- perhaps on incomes above $200,000. More simply, we could raise the current ceiling.
3. Reinstate a meaningful inheritance tax.
The Republicans won a rhetorical debate by labeling the inheritance tax a "death tax" -- the very phrase conjures up an image of heartless bureaucrats dragging the elderly from their beds to settle up, depriving them of their final moments of peace. In reality, the tax is paid not by the dying but by their living heirs. Prior to President Bush's tax cuts, which called for a gradual phaseout, the inheritance tax was levied only on estates worth more than $600,000, or 2 percent of the total. By next year, the floor will rise to $3.5 million -- at which point only one-third of 1 percent of estates will be taxed.
The tax is due to be repealed in 2010 -- and then restored in 2011 (a gimmicky flip-flop that Congress approved so that the projected deficit wouldn't seem astronomical). Congress is certain to revise the inheritance tax during the next administration. Reverting to half the pre-Bush level, as compared with total repeal, would net the government $40 billion a year.
The justification for this tax is that while the country allows -- and encourages -- citizens to accumulate great wealth on Earth, some of that fortune should be redirected to society once they enter the hereafter. The practical argument is also important: Repeal of the estate tax would be a death knell to charitable contributions and to this country's unique network of private foundations.
4. End unfair deductions.
First, the mortgage deduction. Sounds crazy, like banishing apple pie, right? But why should the government subsidize homeowners, who on average are far wealthier than people who rent? The home-mortgage deduction costs the United States more than $75 billion a year -- with half going to the richest 12 percent of taxpayers. And the evidence that it leads to higher home ownership is sketchy. More likely, it marginally raises home values. Given the real estate slump, propping up prices may seem like a good thing. But sooner or later -- as the recent crash should make clear -- prices return to their economic value anyway.
The mortgage deduction's true effect is to encourage people to borrow more on their homes. Haven't we had enough of that? A similarly unfair deduction, which McCain favors repealing, involves corporate health-care plans. If your company has a plan, you don't get taxed on the benefits. This costs the Treasury a whopping $125 billion a year and unfairly penalizes people whose employers don't have plans. Repealing these two deductions would eliminate almost half the deficit. Or the Treasury could replace them with a credit distributed evenly to all residents and all health-care consumers.
5. (Best for last): Repeal the Bush cuts in income and capital gains taxes.
They mostly benefited the wealthiest Americans, and this would save $2.5 trillion or so over a decade. The argument against the cuts hasn't changed, but now the evidence is in. In the 1990s, the U.S. economy boomed, and the government achieved a budget surplus. In this decade, growth has been slower; the surplus -- which the tax-cutters predicted would last indefinitely -- was gone within a year. Reversing the cuts (a step Obama and Clinton favor) would raise the top rate on ordinary income to 39.6 percent from 35 percent. It would also raise the capital gains rate to 20 percent. Wall Street frets that the latter would stymie investment. But the rate was 20 percent in the '90s -- probably the stock market's best decade ever.
I said that these hikes would be relatively painless. Since all taxes cost somebody money, you could say that every hike is painful. But not having money for retirement benefits or for health care for kids or for cities leveled by hurricanes or for defense and national security is also painful. The real questions should be: Would these hikes cause unfair pain to those being taxed, and would they cause more than marginal distress to the overall economy? The overwhelming answer is no.
Roger Lowenstein is the author of "While America Aged: How Pension Debts Ruined General Motors, Stopped the NYC Subways, Bankrupted San Diego, and Loom as the Next Financial Crisis."
POUCA FÉ MAS MUITA ESPERANÇA
ESCAVADORA EM MARTE

Explanation: What's a good recipe for preparing Martian soil? Start by filling your robot's scoop a bit less than half way. Next, dump your Martian soil into one of your TEGA ovens, being sure to watch out for clumping. Then, slowly increase the temperature to over 1000 degrees Celsius over several days. Keep checking to see when your soil becomes vaporized. Finally, your Martian soil is not ready for eating, but rather sniffing The above technique is being used by the Phoenix Lander that arrived on Mars three weeks ago. Data from the first batch of baked soil should be available in a few days. Pictured above, a circular array of the Phoenix Lander's solar panels are visible on the left, while a scoop partly filled with Martian soil is visible on the right. The robotic Phoenix Lander will spend much of the next three months digging, scooping, baking, sniffing, zapping, dissolving, and magnifying bits of Mars to help neighboring Earthlings learn more about the hydrologic and biologic possibilities of the sometimes mysterious red planet.
Saturday, June 14, 2008
À VOLTA DO REFERENDO
3:21 AM
Rui Fonseca disse...
Há uma tese (aliás, também a tese de muita gente que se regozija com o chumbo porque não quer a Europa: O Bloco de Esquerda, o Partido Comunista, o Sinn Fein, etc) que defende o instituto do referendo como avaliador genuíno da vontade popular.É por isso que mil vezes nos avisam que a Europa assim não vai pelo bom caminho, assim está a ser construída à revelia da vontade dos cidadãos, assim é obra de gabinetes, assim não se promove o ideal europeu. E porquê? Muito simplesmente porque o povo não é ouvido, e deveria ser, em referendo.Esta tese implica outra: A de que o referendo (democracia directa) é mais democrático que as decisões tomadas por via parlamentar (democracia representativa). O que não deixa de ser curioso porque a democracia representativa tem sido o sustentáculo mais saliente das democracias modernas sem que os vigorosos defensores do referendo alguma vez tenham posto a democracia representativa em causa. Tendo ganho o "não" na Irlanda em referendo, pretende o Adolfo, numa leitura que decorre daquela tese, fazer-nos ver a perspectiva daqueles que vêm no "não" irlandês um salutar apoio à construção europeia.O que é uma forma sofista de querer fazer ver.Sofista, porque qualquer pessoa sabe que os referendos são geralmente aproveitados para mobilizar os votantes no sentido de atirarem contra vários alvos que nada têm a ver com o alvo do referendo. No caso da Irlanda, o aborto, os casamentos gay, a neutralidade militar, etc., serviram para receber grande parte das balas atiradas em nome do Tratado que, toda a gente sabe, não continha nenhum daqueles temas.Mas o sofisma não fica por aqui, porque vem logo a questão: Mas em todas as eleições há manipulação de intenções, logo, assim sendo, parece que o que está mal é o sistema democrático. Ora o sistema democrático, está dito e redito, não é perfeito. O problema é que, como dizia o outro, é o menos mau de todos. O que acontece é que num referendo a jogada é sim ou sopas, o que torna o exercício muito mais vulnerável há mistificação e à demagogia. Assim sendo, que fazer? Não podemos ignorar, que mesmo considerando o referendo um instrumento demagógico, ele é, por esse mesmo motivo, mobilizador e atractivo. Podemos argumentar incansavelmente que a democracia representativa é, e é, e é, bla,bla,bla,bla,bla,bla, mas continuaremos sempre com o estupor do referendo à perna.Só vejo uma saída, e já a coloquei aqui neste blog há tempos atrás:Há um documento (Tratado de Lisboa) que foi aprovado por todos os representantes de todos os estados membros. Essa representatividade não pode, legitimamente, ser posta em causa.Temos de admitir, portanto, que o Tratado é a melhor resultante dos interesses dos estados membros conseguida por aqueles representantes. O instituto do referendo exige um documento a referendar. Assim sendo, deveria haver referendo em todos os estados membros. Com uma ressalva: O referendo teria como objecto a adesão à União Europeia regulada por aquele documento e não o documento em si.Trocando por miúdos, o que os irlandeses deveriam ter dito era se queriam ou não continuar na UE sob aquele Tratado. Se não querem, lamenta-se, mas saiam.A forma como foi conduzido este processo condenou este Tratado ao fracasso como condenará qualquer outro. O que me espanta é que, gente experimentada, inteligente e séria, empenhada na construção europeia, não tenha percebido o óbvio.Não, Adolfo, humildemente, o "não" neste caso não só é um entrave, é um instrumento útil para aqueles que querem destruir a União Europeia. Louçã & Companhia estavam ansiosos por vê-lo chegar.O mesmo teria sido o sentir de Salazar. Que nos queria isolados do mundo.A sua grande vantagem, Adolfo, é não ter vivido nesses tempos de isolamento.
AA disse...
Adolfo, tens de fazer perguntas mais simples. Ou talvez não, podem ser campo para demagogias.
9:06 AM
Rui Fonseca disse...
Uma pergunta simples para o António,Salazar submeteu a referendo a Constituição portuguesa. Em 1933.Será que vivemos em democracia até 1974 e passámos a um regime não democrático desde então uma vez que nunca mais houve referendos à Constituição e às emendas?
9:22 AM
AA disse...
Claro que sim. Uma andorinha faz a Primavera. Eu sempre disse isso. E o Adolfo sempre defendeu a 'democracia directa' e todas as ideias simplistas que lhe imputa dia sim dia não.
9:40 AM
Rui Fonseca disse...
Uma andorinha não faz a Primavera, mas muitos andorinhões escurecem o ambiente.Salazar não foi caso único. A história recente está recheada de ditadores que utilizaram o plebiscito como forma de lhes garantir a perenidade no poiso." (...)10:00 AM
AMN disse...
O problema Rui, é pensar que a ditadura está apenas associada aos Salazares desta vida e não, como deveria, à negação, por uma forma ou por outra, de participação e debate popular nas questões estruturantes de um Estado.Por isso, ditadura pode, também, ser um conjunto de eurocratas que maquilha uma Constituição chumbada por dois Estados, a chama de Tratado de Lisboa e quer fazer entrar em vigor à evidente revelia do voto popular. Ditadura pode, por isso, ser desvalorizar um instrumento que está constitucionalmente consagrado na Irlanda e lá colocado, precisamente, pelos mesmos que a o Rui atribui tantos poderes: os representantes eleitos.Ninguém aqui divinizou o referendo. Nem o seu oposto. O problema deste Tratado, e é isso que para mim sempre esteve em questão, foi o seu percurso, que diz tudo da arrogância dos eurocratas.E já agora, mais uma vez, eu não disse, em parte alguma, que o voto "não" é que corresponde ao salutar apoio à construção europeia. Pelos mesmos motivos que não digo isso de qualquer "sim". Essa leitura não pode fazer-se de qualquer resultado.
11:51 AM
Rui Fonseca disse...
"ditadura pode, também, ser um conjunto de eurocratas que maquilha uma Constituição"

